Adoption is a life‑changing journey, but it also comes with significant financial challenges. While the federal adoption tax credit offers meaningful relief, many employees still struggle to cover upfront expenses or fully benefit from the credit. For employers—especially small companies working with tight benefits budgets—the question often becomes: Should we offer adoption assistance benefits when a tax credit already exists?
The short answer: yes. And here’s why.
1. Adoption Expenses Often Exceed the Federal Tax Credit
For 2026, the federal adoption tax credit allows up to $17,670 per child, with up to $5,120 refundable. While helpful, adoption costs can easily surpass these limits. Private domestic, agency, and international adoptions often range from $20,000 to over $50,000.
Employer adoption assistance can help fill this financial gap, reducing out‑of‑pocket expenses for employees and making adoption more accessible.
2. Employees Typically Use the Tax Credit First—But It Doesn’t Replace Employer Support
Because employer‑provided adoption benefits are treated as taxable wages for FICA purposes, most employees will understandably use the tax credit first. The credit usually offers greater financial value upfront.
However, the credit alone rarely covers all expenses—and employees can use both the tax credit and employer reimbursement, as long as it’s not for the same dollar of expense.
Employer benefits remain a critical supplement.
3. Lower‑Income Employees Often Can’t Use the Full Tax Credit
Even with a partially refundable credit, lower-income employees may not have enough tax liability to use the credit’s full value. While unused credits can be carried forward for up to five years, not everyone benefits fully before credits expire.
Employer-provided assistance can help bridge the gap, giving employees meaningful financial support regardless of their tax liability.
4. Employer Reimbursements Improve Employee Cash Flow
Unlike the tax credit—which can only be claimed after finalizing expenses—adoption assistance benefits can provide immediate financial relief. Whether through direct payments or quick reimbursements, employer support can help employees:
- Avoid costly personal loans
- Manage sudden or large adoption expenses
- Reduce financial stress during an emotionally intense process
For many families, improving cash flow is just as valuable as reducing the total cost of adoption.
5. Employers Can Offer Adoption Benefits With Minimal Cost
One major misconception is that offering adoption benefits requires a large employer contribution. In reality, a qualified adoption assistance program can be established with little or no employer funding.
Here’s how:
- Employees can use pre‑tax salary reductions to fund adoption expenses through a cafeteria plan.
- Special‑needs adoptions receive unique tax treatment—employees may qualify for a full income tax exclusion simply because an employer has a qualifying program in place, even if the employer contributes nothing.
This means even small companies can provide meaningful value at minimal cost.
6. Adoption Benefits Strengthen Recruitment, Retention, and Culture
Today’s workforce cares deeply about family-friendly policies. Adoption assistance benefits can:
- Set your company apart from competitors
- Support diversity in family-building paths
- Foster a compassionate, inclusive culture
- Appeal to employees who value equity between biological and adoptive parents
Since most employers already subsidize the cost of childbirth through health insurance, offering adoption benefits promotes fairness and signals a genuine commitment to employee well-being.
Even with a federal tax credit in place, employer-provided adoption assistance benefits offer unique financial, emotional, and practical support that the tax credit alone cannot. For many companies—large and small—these benefits are a powerful way to demonstrate values, strengthen your employer brand, and support employees as they grow their families.
Source: Thomson Reuters